Topologies and Architectures

Tory Klementsen, MCP A+

Sno Isle Skill Center

Network+ Module 3

Kinds of topologies

n _______________________________ —Describes the actual layout of the network transmission media.

n Logical—Describes the _______________________________ the signal follows as it travels along a network.*

BUS Topology

n Uses _______________________________

n _______________________________ is the most common BUS topology

n Most bus networks broadcast _ in both directions on a _ cable.

n _______________________________ must be placed at each end of the backbone cable to prevent signal bounce.

n _______________________________ must be done at one end.*

Ring Topology

n Network is wired in a _ or a _ .

n Each device has a _ and a _

n Each device serves as a _______________________________

n Signal _______________________________ is very low

n _______________________________ rings are very rare. Rings are usually logical in nature.*

Ring Topology

n Ideal for _______________________________ passing access methods.

n Often has fault _______________________________ schemes built in.*

Star Topology

n All devices connect to a central _______________________________ .

n The hub receives _______________________________ from other network devices.

n Can be used to implement a _ or _ logical topology

Star Wired Bus

n Hybrid topology that combines _ and _

n Groups of _______________________________ are connected to hubs (star)

n Hubs are connected by single _______________________________ (bus)

n AKA _______________________________ Bus

Mesh Topology

n Each device is attached to each other _______________________________ in the network.

n Considered a “_______________________________ ” topology because it can incorporate all other topologies.

n _______________________________ !

n Difficult to use in a large _______________________________

n _______________________________ fault tolerant

n Can be all _ or _ ring and ethernet

Review

n What are the three major network topologies?

n What is the difference between a logical topology and a physical topology?

n In a star topology, what is every device connected to?

n What must be done at the ends of an Ethernet BUS?

Review Two-The Sequel

n Which topology is also referred to as a “hybrid” topology?

n Which is rare, a ring physical or a ring logical topology?

n Where are physical ring topologies often used?

n A star topology can be a physical star, but a logical or topology.

Review Three—The reviews return

n Which topology is the most fault tolerant?

n Which topology is the most expensive?

n Which topology is the least expensive?

n Which topology often uses a token passing contention method?

n Which contention method listens before it transmits a signal?

Backbone Networks

n A network backbone is the cabling that connects _______________ , _ , _________________ on a network

n Backbones usually have greater _______________________________ than connected cabling

n Backbones carry more _______________________________

n In a large enterprise network, _______________________________ is often used as a backbone

Serial Backbone

n Simplest backbone

n _ or more networking devices connected via a single cable in a _ chain

n Limited because it can quickly become _______________________________ *

Distributed backbone

n A number of connectivity devices connected to a series of central connectivity devices

– _______________________________

– _______________________________

– _______________________________

n Easy to expand as the company/network grows.

Collapsed Backbone

n Uses a _______________ or _ as a single central connection point for multiple _________________

n Easier to _______________________________ and secure

n Cheaper than _______________________________ ...but

n When multiple LANs are connected to one _______________________________ , you have a risky situation

n One point of failure can bring down an entire _______________________________

Parallel Backbone

n Most _______________________________

n Combines _ and _

n One or more _______________________________ from the central router to each network

n _______________________________ links ensure network connectivity

n More expensive due to _______________________________ cabling

n Better _______________________________ tolerance

Review

n Which backbone is the cheapest?

n Which would be most expensive?

n Which would provide the best security?

n Which include a single ingress and egress to the rest of the world?

n Which include fault tolerance?

Teams!

n Team One—Draw a bus network, tell us about it

n Team two—Star network

n Team three—Ring network

n Team four—Mesh network

n Team five—Serial backbone

n Team six—distributed backbone

n Team seven—Collapsed backbone

What is network architecture?

n A topology defines the _ of the _ or the movement of the data.

n An architecture defines

– _______________________________

– _______________________________ method

– _______________________________ *

Ethernet Standards (802.3)

n Speed—Originally 10 Mbps, but _______________ is _ , and _________________ is 1Gbps

n Topology—_______________ or star _ , always _________________ logical

n Media—_______________ , _ pair, and now _________________

n _______________________________

Ethernet Descriptions

n 10Base2

– _______________________________

– _______________________________ topology

– Min cable length . _ meters, max _

– Entire network max _______________________________ meters

– _______________________________ nodes per segment

– Requires _______________________________ terminator at each end

– No more than _______________________________ segments per network.

– BNC Connectors (_______________________________ )

– Follows the _______________________________ rule*

n 10Base5

Ethernet Cont

– _______________________________ with bus topology

– Min cable length_ m max _

– Entire network max _______________________________

– Must be _ and _

– Drop cables can be short, but no longer than _______________________________ m from transceiver

– Max nodes per segment _______________________________

– Transceivers connect to NIC with _______________________________ connector.*

Ethernet cont…

n 10BaseT

– _ or _ cable (cat 3, 4, 5)

– Max number of nodes _______________________________

– Min length _ max _ m

– Min distance between hub and computer _______________________________ m

– Most flexible because limits are higher and you can expand as needed.*

Ethernet cont…

n 10BaseFL

– 10 Mbps _______________________________ network

n 100VGAnyLAN

– _______________________________

– _ star with _ passing

– _ _ access method

– UTP 3, 4, 5 or _______________________________

– Max length _______________________________ m*

Ethernet cont…

n 100Base-X

– _______________________________ bus topology

– Uses different specifications

§ _ -_ (2 twisted pairs of cat 5 UTP or STP)

§ _______________________________ (fiber using 2 strand cable)

§ _______________________________ (four twisted pair cat 3, 4, 5 UTP.*

Different Architectures

n Ethernet—Most popular

n Token Ring

n ArcNet

n FDDI*

Review

n Define 5-4-3 rule

n Max length 10Base2

n Cabling 10Base2

n Connectors 10Base2

n Speed 10Base2

n Min length 10Base2

Reeeeveeeeeeiw

n Ethernet is defined by what 802 group?

n 10Base2 and 10Base5 must be at one end and at both ends.

n Speed, length, connectors 10Base5

n 10BaseT max length, min length*

weiveR

n Topology of 10BaseT

n Cabling and speed 10BaseT

n 10BaseFL cabling

n 100VGAnyLan cabling

n Special about 100VGAnyLAN?

Token Ring

n Token rings use a _ _ architecture

n Adhere to the IEEE_______________________________standard.

n Physical_, logical _

n Each node is attached to an _______________________________ (multi station access unit)

n The MSAU adds fault _______________________________ so if one computer goes down, the network still works.*

n Token ring cards run at either _ Mbps or _ Mbps

n All cards must run at the _______________________________ speed

n Each node acts as a_. It reads a frame and sends it on to its nearest_.*

n If a node has a message, it captures the _______________________________ it comes to it.

n It then _______________________________ the message.

n The receiving node _ the message and _ with a “got it” message.

n The sending computer _ the got it and then releases the _ back onto the network.*

Token Ring Remembers…

n Every computer reads every _______________________________ sent on the network.

n A token is required to send a_______________________________.

n The original_______________________________, once received, is updated with a “got it” message and put back out onto the network.

n If one computer goes down, the _ removes it from the _ ring.*

Beaconing

n Generally the first station set up becomes the_______________ _ _________________.

n It announces itself to next _______________________________ station using a beacon.

n This beacon is passed on to ensure all units are_______________________________.

n Beacon is sent out every _______________________________ seconds.

n If one doesn’t reply, another beacon is sent. If it still doesn’t, _______________________________ takes it out of the network ring.*

Review

n What is the logical and physical topologies of token ring?

n NIC card speeds?

n All nodes are connected to a…

n What is a beacon?

n If a computer doesn’t answer a beacon, what happens?

Review Too

n Describe how a computer sends data on a token ring network.

n What is the purpose of the token?

n When a computer receives data meant for it, what happens?

n How many computers on the network will see a data frame?

ArcNet

n An older network not often found in business.

n Uses _______________________________ passing protocol.

n Can have a _ or _ physical topology.

n Uses _ or _ hubs, not an MSAU.

n Requires a _______________________________ terminator.*

FDDI

n Similar to _______________________________ ring

n Uses _______________________________ optic cable.

n Two classes of FDDI

– Class A—uses _______________________________ rings that run in opposite directions.

– Class B—uses a _______________________________ ring.*

FDDI

n Speed—_______________________________ or higher

n Topology—_ ring for _ tolerance

n Media—_ optic, although you can use copper (then called _) with the same technology

n Access Method—_______________________________ passing

Token Ring Standard (802.5)

n Speed—_______________________________

n Topology—_ ring, usually a _ star

n Media—_______________________________ pair (both U and S)

n Access Method—Token _______________________________

n Note: All network cards on an 802.5 network MUST operate at the _______________________________ speed*

Wireless LAN (802.11b)

n Speed—11Mbps, 802.11g 54 and 108Mbps

n Media—2.4Ghz radio waves

n Topology—_______________ wireless, _ bus (because it is based on _________________ and E’net always uses logical bus)

n Access Method—_______________________________ *

Review For You

n You need to connect two servers that are located 600 meters apart. You require a direct connection without the use of signal regeneration. Which of the following Ethernet standards would you employ?

– 10BaseT

– 100BaseT

– 10Base5

– 100BaseFX

n What is the maximum cable length specified in the IEEE 802.3 10Base2 standard?