Company Name
Employee Names
Team Lead
Module Name	How Computers Work
Certification Test		Vendor
Objectives covered
Time allotted	10 Days	Time Taken
Date Started		Date Completed
Portfolio Contents			Complete	Incomplete	Points Awarded
Lab reports for all labs (List labs)
Lab 1-1
Lab 1-2
Lab 1-3
Lab 1-4
Lab 1-5
Lab 1-6
Lab 1-7
Lab 1-8
Lab 1-9
Completed all lab reports (one per lab)
Hardware/Lab Test Score for Each Member (attach sheet)			Score





Lecture Notes (one per student)
Completed solution to problem portfolio
 Customer Overview
 Identify Customer Needs (both current and future)
 Jargon defined
 Identify Possible Solutions
 Define terminology used (jargon, technical terms)
 Price Out Solutions
 Diagram of Solutions

Notes--How Computers Work

A Plus

Sno Isle Skill Center

Mrs. Klementsen, MCP A+

What is a Computer?

•A computer is a collection of ____________________ components which are controlled by software.

•Hardware—____________________components

•Software—Set of ____________________that direct the hardware to perform a task.*

How Hardware and Software Work Together

•Hardware is used by software to:

–____________________Data

–____________________

•____________________

•____________________controls the hardware

•Software talks to hardware using ____________________code.*

Major Hardware Components

•____________________ ____________________Unit

•____________________ /____________________ Devices

•____________________ (mother) Board

•____________________ (floppy, hard, CD, DVD, BluRay)

•____________________ Supply

•____________________ Cards (circuit boards)

•____________________

The CPU

•The CPU (________________________________________) is the brains of the computer.

•It is the central and most important device.

•All (____________________) data/commands travel through the CPU

•Without a CPU, a computer could not ____________________*

•Stores ____________________in storage devices

•Performs ____________________

•Processes ____________________

•____________________results

CPU Operations

•Every device in the computer requires three things to operate

–A method for the CPU to ____________________with the device

–____________________to control the device (____________________)

–____________________to power the device.

•Some use the computer’s power

•Others have their own power cords*

How This Works

•You double click a program icon

•The program (________________________________________) is transferred from the hard disk to RAM

•The CPU loads the program from ____________________

•The data is ____________________

•Depending on the program this keeps happening over and over again while you’re using it.*

Review

•Name the parts of a computer system

•What is the brains of the computer?

•What happens when you double click on an icon?

•What is hardware?

•What is software?

•How does software USE hardware?*

Input/Output Hardware

•Input

•____________________

•Output

–____________________

Keyboard

•Primary ____________________device

•Connects using

–____________________ (Deutsche Industrinorm)

–____________________

•Uses power from computer case*

Mouse

•Pointing Device

•Has one, two, or three buttons

•Mouse connectors

–6-pin mini DIN (most common)

–____________________port

–____________________

–Magic*

Monitor

•CRT (cathode ray tube)

–Monitors are rated according to the size of screen (in inches) by the number of dots used on the screen. A dot is also known as a pixel.

–Connect with a _________-pin 3 row video connector

Monitor

•LCD

–____________________crystal displays

–Use two sheets of ____________________material with liquid crystal between them

–Electric ____________________passes through them

–Each crystal either lets light ____________________, or doesn’t

•____________________matrix—cheap and icky

•____________________ (thin film transistor)—as sharp as a CRT, expensive(er)

•OLED

–Organic ________________________________________Diode

•No backlight required

•Very cool

•Very ____________________

•Draw way less ____________________

•Has a short life (____________________hours)

•Flexible and really cool*

Printer

•Primary output device

•Types

–____________________jet

–____________________matrix

–____________________

–Dye ____________________

•Connects with

–____________-pin parallel connector

–____________________

–Wireless*

Review too

•What is the most commonly used input device?

•What is the most commonly used output device?

•What are three ways an input device can connect to a computer?

•What are the four types of printers?

Hardware Inside Computer

•____________________board

•____________________ (maybe), hard drive, CD/DVD ROM

•____________________Supply

•____________________Boards (expansion cards)

•____________________*

Computer Guts

Circuit Boards

•Circuit boards are used by the CPU to ____________________with things inside and ____________________the case.

•Two kinds of circuit boards

–____________________ ____________________ (TTL)

–____________________________________________________________ (CMOS)*

TTL vs CMOS

•TTL

–Require more ____________________than CMOS

–Produce more ____________________

–Faster than ____________________

–Are more resistant to ____________________

•CMOS

–Slower

–Hold data ____________________

–Require ____________________power (which is why a battery can power the CMOS chip)

–Most CPUs are ____________________*

System Board

•Aka Mainboard, motherboard

•Contains

–____________________

–________________________________________

–____________________

–____________________and CMOS Battery

–____________________chip

–____________________

–____________________slots*

System Board Components

•____________________—the tiny fine lines you see on the motherboard. Enable data and power to travel along the board.

•____________________—Pathway of communication that includes the method and the protocol used to communicate.

•Binary _________s and __________s travel down the lines of a bus.*

•System ____________________—A crystal that times activities of chips. Makes sure things happen at the right time.

•____________________slots—Holds expansion cards such as modems, video cards, etc.

CPU

•____________________—chip inside of computer that executes most commands

•Often works with a ____________________set

–____________________that do the low-level processing to free up CPU for ____________________level

•Some older machines also have a ____________________ (or slot for one) to speed up certain math functions.*

CPU

Temporary (Primary) Storage

•Storage that is ____________________.

•Faster than ____________________storage (hard drives, floppies)

•Includes

•____________________

•____________________ (older, single inline memory modules)

•____________________ (dual inline memory modules

•____________________ (rambus inline memory modules)

–____________________memory

–____________________ (cache on a stick)*

Permanent (secondary) Storage

•____________________ (non-volatile) storage

•____________________drive

–3.5 inch standard (1.44 MB, ED 2.88 MB)

–Played with Superdrives for awhile

–5.25 inch old (110, 360, and 1200 KB)

•____________________drive (100-250MB)

•____________________drives (aka jump drives) (64MB-1GB)

•CDR/CDRW

•____________________

•____________________ (solid _________________ drives)

•Other kinds of ____________________ cards*

Types of Expansion Slots

•____________________—Peripheral Computer Interface

•____________________Express

•____________________—Accelerated Graphics Port

•____________________—Industry standard architecture

•____________________—Extended ISA

•____________________—Video Electronics Standard Association*

Power Supply

•____________________system—Power supply connects to the mother board. Components use the power from the PS.*

Data Stored on System Board

•Important software is stored permanently on the motherboard

–____________________Chips

–Setting physical ____________________switches

•____________________tells the computer how to start up before the OS starts.

•One type of ROM is the ____________________chip. Has programming necessary to start the computer.*

Updating Firmware

•Flashing the BIOS

•Can only flash FLASH ROM

–____________________ (Electronically Erasable Read Only Memory)

–____________________ (Erasable Read Only Memory)

•Must use ONLY a flash program for your particular BIOS version or ____________________things happen.

CMOS

•Is a CMOS ____________________or non-volatile?

•____________________—it requires a battery to keep the data in the chip.

•Holds ____________________setup information.

•Other information is stored by physically setting jumpers or DIP switches on the board.*

Software

•Three types of software

–____________________ (BIOS)

–____________________System

–Applications

•Now we could also add ____________________—virtual pc software that you can use to emulate other operating systems on.*

BIOS

•Basic Input Output System

•Starts up the computer and controls some of the ____________________

•By controlling some HW it frees up the ____________________to control other stuff.

Operating System

•The program(s) required to control the hardware in the system using device drivers

•Acts as an interface between appli____________________cations and the system.

•Manage ____________________

•Mange files on ____________________storage

•Manage ____________________memory (RAM)

•____________________problems w/hardware and software*

Operating System Cont.

•Perform housekeeping type procedures

–____________________disks

–Deleting ____________________

–Changing ____________________date

•Interfaces

–____________________driven

–GUI

Different Operating Systems

•____________________

Applications

•Applications allow the user to use the computer in a ____________________way.

•Applications ____________________with the OS, which interacts with the BIOS

•The BIOS and OS interact by sharing data via the CPU.

•The OS stores the data in RAM.

Applications, cont.

•Each piece of ____________________is assigned a ____________________address.

•The CPU pulls this information out of ____________________, using the address, as it is needed. It can then process the commands given by the software/OS.*

Data in Memory

Applications Cont.

•____________________run on top of the OS.

•For an application to run, it must first be loaded into memory and assigned memory addresses.

•Applications are often ____________________specific, but not necessarily version specific.*

Review

•This is the physical component of a computer.

•This is a collection of commands/instructions.

•The primary language of computers

•Two states of binary

•1=

•0=

Review Two

•The ___ is the most common input device.

•The ____ is the most common output device.

•Virtual memory refers to the process of using the hard drive as though it were RAM.

•A CMOS chip is faster than a TTL chip?

•A TTL chip requires more power than CMOS.

Review Three

•All data and commands travel through the CPU.

•What are the four major operations of the CPU?

•What uses a 6-pin mini DIN connector?

•Transistor-transistor logic is a kind of…

•This is also known as the mainboard.

•Hard drives are considered:

Review Four

•ROM is considered:

•This expansion slot is used for video.

•The most important hardware device in a computer is the ____.

Lab 1-1 Building a New Computer and Inventorying Parts

ACTIVITY

You are going to build a new computer from parts in the classroom. As you build it, you are going to inventory each part by brand.

DIRECTIONS

Get out your tools.

One toolkit
One grounding strap

Collect your parts

Case
Motherboard
RAM
Processor/heatsink
Hard drive
DVD burner

Make sure your area is clean.

Rules:

· Hold all parts by the edges. Do not touch the leads.

· Place parts on anti-static bags when not in the case

· Motherboard MUST be secured using all the holes in the tray that align with the board.

· Do NOT turn on the computer without me or a second year present.

· At the end of EVERY day the case side MUST be screwed back on. No exceptions.

· NEVER leave your computer or parts out.

· Do NOT throw any of the boxes or software away. We keep all anti-static bags.

· These computers are not yours. You may not write on them, draw on them, deface them in any way or you will pay for the entire computer upon removal from the class.

Put on your grounding strap.
Connect one end of your grounding strap to an unpainted surface on your computer. Connect the other end to you (your wrist). Any time you open your computer, you must be grounded.
Locate the screws on the back of your case. You will unscrew the screws that are farthest from the power cord. Remove those screws and set aside. Do not lose them, please.
Remove your cover and set it out of your way above you or below, but NOT on the floor.
Open the motherboard box. Take the board out, lay it on the antistatic bag with nothing else underneath.
Place the processor in carefully. There should be a “sticker” on the bottom of the heatsink/fan. Remove it.
Secure the fan to the processor. Make sure it’s on there completely. Connect it to the motherboard (look at the manual, it HAS to be in the right spot.)
Insert the RAM properly. Since it is dual channel, be sure they are in the correct channels to take advantage of that. (Read the manual.)
Put the hard drive into the proper bay and secure on both sides with four screws. (NO SHORTCUTS!) Before you screw it in, make sure the cable reaches the motherboard.
Secure the DVD drive into the top bay.
Attach the cables to the back of the drives and to the motherboard.
Attach the USB headers. This is challenging on some motherboards, but it is NOT optional. No whining. Just do it.
Attach the HDD light, reset switch, power switch, power light, etc. to the proper headers.
Connect the power to the motherboard.
Connect the case fans to the motherboard or to the power supply.
Connect the power cable to the wall.
Connect the KVM switch to the monitor and keyboard mouse, then to the back of the computer.
Do not put the side on. Call someone over (me or a second year). Plug in the power. Push the power button.

If the fan does not spin, turn it off immediately. Check the fan and make sure it’s on tight and the cable is in the right spot.

22. Wait for the beep. If you hear one beep, you’re golden! Yay! You just built a computer!

After you are done you will label your computer and will lock them away after each class period.
Video Card	Brand

	Model

Sound Card On this card you can see it is an Abit AU10 sound card.	Brand

	Model

Network Card	Brand

	Model

CD ROM	Brand

	Model

Hard Drive	Brand

	Model

Motherboard		Brand

		Model

Processor		Brand

		Model

Memory (RAM)		Brand

		Model

Other (draw picture)		Brand

		Model

Other (draw picture)		Model

		Brand

Once you have completed this lab, return the equipment you borrowed, keep this information, and go onto lab 1-2.

Lab 1-2 Installing Windows XP

We are going to use Virtual PC 2007 to run multiple operating systems over either Vista or Windows XP. We’ll begin by installing Windows XP as your Host System.

Objectives:

Install a Windows Operating System
Install drivers
Run Windows Update

Step	Shot
a. Get a computer out of the closet and label it with your name (see me for a label). b. Get your Windows XP disk and a list of product keys. c. Plug everything in, set everything up. d. Put the CD into the drive and boot from CD. e. During the first part of the setup you’re going to be staring at a pretty blue screen for awhile. This takes place in a version of MS DOS. f. We don’t need to install any RAID drivers or anything, so just watch and contemplate the meaning of life.
g. Welcome to setup will ask you what you want to do next. There is probably already an operating system on this computer, but we are going to KILL it (muahahahahahaha). h. Press enter to setup Windows XP. i. Think more about the meaning of life, the universe, and everything. (See 42) j. Next comes the EULA (End User License Agreement). Commit this to memory. It is VERY important. Read every single syllable on the screen…twice. k. Hit F8 (that would be the button with the F and the 8 on it…yes, people have asked).
l. At this point if there was already an XP on it, it will say “Hey, I found this version of XP. Do you want me to repair it?” m. No, you don’t. You want to nuke the little bugger….so say no. n. You will then get to a screen that looks similar to this, but it might have more partitions. You are going to delete all those partitions. o. Select a partition, press D. Read the screen and follow the instructions until you have deleted all the partitions. p. When you have no partitions, you’re going to create two partitions. Make C: all but 5000 MB (5 GB) of your space. Make D: the rest of the space. q. Format the partition NTFS (quick). r. Examine your belly button for lint.
s. As the partition formats, it’s going to take a long time (especially if it’s a big hard drive). t. You’ll see a yellow bar as it copies files to your hard drive. u. Windows XP is a relatively easy installer. You don’t have to interact with it very much. So just let it do its thing.
v. The computer will reboot. Just let it be…don’t pop the CD out or anything. w. It is now in the GUI phase of installation. You’ll see all sorts of propaganda about how marvelous XP is. Read it and commit it to memory, just like the EULA. x. While you are waiting, work on other labs!
y. Suddenly your computer will want to talk to you. Since we’re doing an interactive installation, you’re going to have to interact. (You can do unattended installs using an answer file.) z. First set your language (English, please). aa. Next type YOUR full name and organization: 1. Your Name: type your name (duh) 2. Organization: Your group name
bb. Enter the product key. Check and double check what you type. If it doesn’t work the first time, try it again…don’t come complain to me. cc. Give your computer an appropriate SIMPLE name. (If you network this computer, you will understand why SIMPLE is important.) dd. For password, use password. You may enter another account with your own username and password, but in case we need to get into your computer in the other class it MUST have the password password. ee. Obviously in real life you would NEVER use password as your password…unless you are not too bright.
ff. Make sure date and time is right (it probably is…if not, time zone is Tijuana).
gg. Next it will go to network setup. You do not have your network card drivers installed, so do not set up network options at this time. hh. Select typical settings. ii. Keep it on workgroup jj. Let it finish doing its thing! Sing a little song (to yourself) and make animal shapes out of your belly button lint.
kk. Next you’re going to get the splash screen (yay) and it might tell you it needs to set your video to make it look prettier. Go ahead and do that. ll. Next do the initial setup. Here is where you can create a special account just for you. mm. Leave off how it will connect to the Internet.
NEXT: nn. If Service Pack 2 is not installed, install it. oo. You are going to need to find drivers for your network card. Microsoft actually has a driver cache so your driver may be installed already. Test it by moving your network cable from your workstation (the Dell) to your network jack and see if it lights up. pp. If it does light up, you should be in business and can run Windows Update. If it doesn’t, you’re going to need the drivers for your card. qq. If you need the drivers: Look at the CDs on the wall and see if your network card driver is there. If you don’t know…well that’s what second year students are for! Get help from them!	You must install SP2 if you are planning on doing the rest of the labs…which you are, so don’t skip this step. Virtual PC will not install without it.
Run Windows Update 5. Open Internet Explorer and go into Internet Options. 6. Click the connection tab. 7. Click on LAN connection. 8. In the proxy area (towards the bottom) type in the proxy: 169.204.171.8 port 81. 9. Now run Windows Update. 10. Run Windows Update over and over until you’re completely patched. This is very important!!!

Great! Now you have your VERY OWN Windows XP!

Lab 1-3 Installing Windows Virtual PC 2007

Objectives:

P Install Virtual PC on a Windows XP System

P Note: You may also use Virtual Box, which tends to run a little better. Instructions are very similar.

The purpose of Virtual PC is to allow businesses or individuals to run different operating systems together. The benefit of Virtual PC over a multi-boot system is that you can switch among the operating systems without having to reboot the machine! Very cool!

In order to install Virtual PC your computer must meet the following requirements. Make a note of how your computer relates to each requirement.

Requirement	My computer in comparison
400 Mhz Processor with L2 Cache (1 GHz is recommended)
CD ROM or DVD Drive
Super VGA or higher video
Keyboard and mouse
You can install on any of the following operating systems. The system you install on is called the Host System. Microsoft Vista Business Microsoft Vista Enterprise Microsoft Vista Ultimate Microsoft Windows XP Professional Microsoft XP Tablet PC Edition

The other operating systems you’re going to install are called Guest Operating Systems. The following table has the requirements for each of these systems:

Guest Operating System	Minimum Memory	Minimum Hard-Disk Space
Windows 98	64 MB	500 MB
Windows ME	96 MB	2 GB
Windows 2000 Professional	96 MB	2 GB
Windows XP Home	128 MB	2 GB
Windows XP Professional	128 MB	2 GB
Windows Vista Business	512 MB	15 GB
Windows Vista Enterprise	512 MB	15 GB
Windows Vista Ultimate	512 MB	15 GB
OS/2	64 MB	500 MB

These are minimums. If you were using the system for production, you’d need a lot more. Add at least 1000 MB to each partition so you can install programs!

Task	Shot
Get a copy of Virtual PC 2007 from \\csn\public\software and install it on your LAB computer. Alternatively you can download it from Microsoft’s website. It is FREE so you can use this at home with no fear of Bill showing up at your door with his entourage. Run the installer. Accept the terms of the license agreement. Be sure to commit every word to heart. Consider having it tattooed on your chest. Enter your customer information and let it work for anyone who logs into the computer. Click install. Watch it install. Stare intently at the screen. Do not take your eyes off the screen. Click finish. Pat yourself on the back. You have now installed Virtual PC 2007!
Create a new virtual machine. Start Microsoft Virtual PC The New Virtual Machine wizard should appear. If it doesn’t, Click the new button. Click next. Select Create a Virtual Machine and click next. The first Virtual Machine we’ll create is for DOS. Where it says name and location, go to the second partition you created (should be D: or E). If it hasn’t formatted, format a quick format FAT32. Create a folder named DOS and save the VMC (virtual machine file) into that folder. Example: D:\DOS\DOS.vmc.) Note: When you create a virtual hard drive in virtual PC, it will not initially take up all of the hard drive space that you have. However, as you add more things to the virtual drive, it will expand so you can’t just go nutso with the drive space and the RAM.
In the Operating System window select your guest operating system. Since we’re doing DOS, select “Other”. It’s going to try to guess how much RAM and drive space you’re going to need. Just tell it you want less by clicking adjusting the RAM and dragging the bar to 64 MB In the virtual hard disk window, click to select a New Virtual Hard Disk. Pur the Virtual Hard disk on your ORIGINAL drive (C:\) in a folder named DOS. Name is DOS Hard Disk.vhd (vhd stands for virtual hard drive) Example: C:\DOS\Dos hard disk.vhd) Click Next and you’re done. Note that the drive is NOT a fixed size at this point. It should be about 16 MB and it will grow as needed. Click done! Your new Virtual Machine is ready to boot! It’s like having a “pretend computer” within your computer. You can now install an operating system! Have me check this off!

Lab 1-4 Installing Operating Systems into Your Virtual PC

Objectives:

P Install Virtual PC on a Windows XP System

P Install Virtual Machines

P Install Operating Systems.

You’re going to start by installing DOS. Since DOS can be tricky, if it doesn’t work right away go into the next part and install Windows 98 and Windows Vista.

Task	Shot
First thing you need to do is boot into your new virtual machine. Select the VM from the list of the configured VMs. You have only configured one, so that should make it easy! Click Start. It’s going to look like your machine reboots. How cool is that? Pretty cool! Let it reboot! At some point it’s going to stop, just like a real PC would if you didn’t have an operating system on it. It’ll give you an error since there is no OS on your “machine”.
You can install from a CD, an ISO image, or a floppy. We’re going to use images of DOS. The easiest way to do this is to go to \\csn\public\isos and grab the folder DOS 6.22 and copy it to your thumb drive. It has three images on it, one for each of the floppy disks it takes to install DOS. Make sure you know where your images are so you can find them (copy them to your hard drive as Virtual PC doesn’t see USB). You’re going to “capture” the image of the first DOS disk. Under CD select “Capture Disk Image.” Find your first image and (if necessary) reboot. Hit return when it says “Reboot and Select Proper Device…” At the bottom of the window you will see that the floppy drive icon is flashing a little green light. Soon it will say “Starting MS DOS.” Follow the directions on the screen to set up MS DOS <enter> Configure unallocated disk space <enter>
<enter> If it looks like it’s doing nothing, look at the little icon and just relax. Installation will be slower because it’s a machine on top of an OS, so just follow the instructions on the screen. Go for it! It should soon say “Formatting Drive C:”. Obviously it is formatting the drive in your VIRTUAL PC or you wouldn’t be looking at it in a window. Press <enter> The settings are correct. Press <enter> to start the installation. Watch the screen and follow the prompts. When it tells you to input the next floppy, go under CD and release the ISO and then capture the next image. Once you’re done it will restart just like normal. Pretty soon you’ll see a C:\ prompt. To test if it’s working type DIR at the prompt. You should see a directory of files. There won’t be a lot there, but there you go. You just typed your first DOS command. Close your virtual machine by selecting ActionàClose. Go ahead and save the state.. Congratulations, you just installed Virtual PC and an operating system on a virtual machine!
Install Windows 98 in a Virtual Machine NOTE: THIS IS GOING TO TAKE ALL PERIOD, SO DON’T START IT LATE IN THE DAY. WAIT UNTIL THE NEXT DAY IF YOU MUST!
Go back to your Virtual PC Console in XP. Select New from the Virtual PC Console. Create a New Virtual Machine <next> Name it Windows 98 <next> Select Windows 98 for the Operating System (it should be selected already, but if not…select it). Click next. Use the recommended RAM. Use a new virtual hard disk. Select Next. Finish up. Back in your console you’ll now see DOS (saved) and Windows 98. Click on Windows 98 and select Start.	*Host Key: You can’t use CTRL+ALT+DEL in Virtual PC, instead you use a host key. By default the Virtual PC host key is the right ALT key. Holding down Right ALT+DEL acts as CTRL+ALT+DEL.* *This key also releases your mouse by holding down the right ALT key, you can move your mouse outside your Virtual Machine.*
Put a Windows 98 bootable CD into the CD drive. Under the CD menu select Use Physical Drive D:\ (or whatever the drive letter it says). Eventually it will tell you to put in a disk to boot, just like in DOS. Hit enter. Boot from CD. Start Windows 98 Setup from CD. Use large disk support. After you go through a few prompts it will tell you to hit enter to restart and to make sure you have your Windows 98 boot floppy in…don’t worry about that. Just hit return and keep the CD in. Boot from CD. Start Windows 98 Setup. First it’ll do a Scandisk…that’s normal. It will start formatting C: Remember, this is your NEW virtual pc, not the DOS one. DOS should be fine. In fact, you can run the DOS machine while 98 is installing. Eventually it will enter the GUI section of the setup. When you click “continue” with your mouse you’ll get a warning message…once you capture your mouse in your Virtual Machine, you can’t use it in another window unless you hold down your right alt key and move the mouse. (Just be aware of this. After clicking continue again, try it.) Keep an eyeball on the screen, and be sure to read about all the exciting NEW enhancements in Windows 98! Note that if you take your mouse outside of your VM, you will have click two times to recapture it. (In other words, if you go into another window, then alt-tab back and click “continue” it’ll just capture your mouse, but won’t execute the click. You have to click continue again.) It is going to be a LONG time for this little bugger to install, so go and do you DOS labs and just check the window every now and again.
Install Vista in a Virtual Machine
Create a new virtual machine by going into your Virtual PC Console and selecting new. Create a new virtual machine. Create a folder name Vista and put your VM in there. Accept the RAM and Hard Drive defaults. Navigate to the ISO on our server. \\csn\pub\software\isos\en_windows_vista_x86_dvd...etc You are NOT going to activate yet! We will activate only after we’re sure everything works. You have ten days to activate, but each license can only be activated ten times. So the license you get is yours for ten activations (don’t share it). Waiting to activate will make sure we don’t lose activations on the licenses. We are going to use Vista Business (the second one down) Click “I have selected the edition of Vista that I purchased”. Accept the license term. Read it…it’s very very important. Select custom clean install. (Click it) Click “next” to install it on Disk 0. It’ll pause a bit then start installing. It’s going to take a LONG time so while it’s installing, open 98 and XP in other windows and do the labs for those.

NOTE: This lab is going to take a lot of troubleshooting and working together with others. This is the first time we’ve used a Virtual Machine to set up our operating systems, so be patient. It may take awhile. You don’t have to be perfect, just persistent.

Questions:

How long did it take you to complete this lab?

What is the purpose of Virtual PC?

What is a Virtual Machine?

What is a Virtual Hard Drive?

What three operating systems did you install? (Well…four)

You’re using Virtual PC in Windows 98 and you need to check something on the Internet in your host operating system, but the mouse won’t go there! What do you?

What is your host OS?

What is your guest OS?

Why does it take longer to install an OS in Virtual PC?

Why should you wait to activate your Vista installation?

Lab 1-5 Installing Virtual Machine Additions and Other Tasks

Objectives:

P Install Additions into your operating systems.

P Move between operating systems.

When you finish an installation your OS will look like garbage. You need to install additions to make it look and behave better under Virtual PC.

Task	Shot
Post Installation Tasks and Virtual Machine Additions Creating an Administrator Account. A new development when installing Vista is the need to create the administrator's account, as a security initiative, Microsoft no longer create a person called 'Administrator' by default.
Vista Activation Tip: Each Vista product key can be used only ten times. Your key is yours for ten activations…that’s all. So don’t activate it yet. You can use it for 10 days without activating. If after 10 days it’s working great, activate!
Virtual Machine Additions 23. Launch the Virtual PC Console. 24. Click the Action menu and select Install Virtual Machine Additions. 25. Click Continue when the UAC comes up.
Note: Not all machines will support Vista so we need to consider running Virtual PC on one of the Dells. Vistal will be slow! That’s okay. We’re just learning on it.
Check and see if there are additions for Windows 98. If so, install them.

Lab 1-6 Observing the Boot Process and Hardware Components

Reboot either your lab computer, or one of your virtual machines. Carefully watch your computer screen during the boot process (press Pause if necessary), and record which CPU is used by your home or lab computer. If you do not see anything, hit F2 to get into the BIOS and turn off “Quiet Boot”. (You’ll have to search for it.)
Who is the BIOS vendor and what version of the BIOS are you using?
As the computer boots, memory is counted. Observe the memory count and record the amount of memory detected. What number system is used to count this memory?
Open the printer icon in the Windows Control Panel and find out which is the default Windows printer for your home or lab computer.
Repeat this in your other operating systems. What difference do you see?

Info	DOS	Win98	Vista
RAM
Hard Drive
BIOS Version

Why do you see differences?

Look at the back (or the front if the ports are located there) of your home or lab computer and make a drawing. Label on the drawing the purpose of each port and connection you see. If you are not sure what the purpose of the port is, label the port “unknown port.” In later chapters, the purposes of these unknown ports will become clear.

Lab 1-7 Use Shareware to Examine a Computer

Note: This exercise requires access to the Internet.

Good PC support people are always good investigators. The Internet offers a wealth of resources to those who take the time to search, download, and investigate the possible uses of software available there. This exercise is designed to help you learn to be such an investigator.

Follow these directions to download a shareware utility to diagnose Windows 2000, Windows 9x, or Windows 3.x problems and print a report from the downloaded software about the hardware and software on your computer.

Access the Internet and go to this address:

http://www.freshdevices.com/freshdiag.html

Download the free version of Fresh Diagnose. (You can find it also linked to our website.)
Follow the steps on the screen to download the file diagnose.exe to your PC.
Run the program FreshDiagnose, and the screen shown below appears.
Play around with the different diagnostics and answer the questions below.

What is the model and speed of your CPU?

Which version of Windows are you using?

How much memory is installed on your computer?

What is your local IP address?

What is the brand and model of your display adapter?

You will use this program again in later chapters, so don’t erase it!

Try running it in Vista or Windows 7 and see what you get!

Lab 1-8 Using Microsoft Diagnostics and Device Manager with Windows

Opening the computer case is always a potential hazard. It is therefore important that you try to troubleshoot any problems you can without opening up the case.

The device manager is the tool to use for this purpose. It can tell you if an item is working, if there are problems with it, or if it has been disabled. You can also disable it (which can sometimes help in troubleshooting without you having to actually remove the part from the computer), install a driver, or change resources.

Windows ME, 9x, 2000, and XP and above contain a device manager. Windows NT and DOS do not.

You are going to do this activity in Windows 7 and in Windows 98 so you can see the difference between the two operating systems.

To access Device Manager in Windows 9x, follow these steps:

Click the Start button on the taskbar, click Settings, and then click Control Panel.
In the Control Panel window, double-click the System icon.
In the System Properties dialog box, click the Device Manager tab.

Open device manager in each operating system and answer the following questions.

What is the brand of network card installed in your system?

What devices are listed under floppy controllers?

Describe another way to access the device manager.

What are the resources you can discover in device manager?

What devices are listed under CD ROM?

To get to Device Manager in Windows 7

1. Right click on my computer, select properties.

2. On the left under Tasks select Device Manger. Select “Continue” when the UAC (User Access Control) pops up.

3. How is this different from W98?

4. Right click on My Computer and select Manage. What things do you see?

5. Is the device manager here the same or different from the one under properties?

6. Note: On tests you need to know ALL ways to get to a program.

Disable a Device

Boot into Windows 98.
Go into your device manager and locate your network card.
Right click on the network card and select disable.
Restart your computer.
Load Internet Explorer. What happens?

Why?

Go back into Device manager. What symbol is over the network card?

Right click the network card and select “enable”.
Restart your computer.
Load Internet Explorer. What happens?

Why?

12. What would be the purpose of disabling a device on your computer? List at least three reasons.

Answer the following questions:

1. Which Windows operating systems do not include device manager?

2. What systems will have the device manager?

3. How do you open device manager?

4. What is the purpose of the device manager?

1. DOS and Windows offer the Microsoft Diagnostics command. This utility examines your system, displaying useful information about ports, devices, memory, and the like. (For Windows 9x, search for the MSD.EXE utility on your Windows 9x installation CD and copy it to your hard drive.) Boot your PC to a DOS prompt. From the DOS prompt, execute this command:

C:\>MSD

You should see a screen similar to that in Figure 1-44. Browse carefully through all the menu options of this interesting utility and answer the following questions about your system:

List the following or print the appropriate MSD screen:

Manufacturer

version number

date of your System BIOS

video BIOS

mouse device driver

What kind of video card is installed?

Use the information in Appendix D, “The Hexadecimal Number System and Memory Addressing,” to answer these questions:

 How much memory is currently installed on this PC?

 Look under TSR programs (terminate-and-stay-resident programs, programs currently stored in memory but not running, will be covered in a later chapter) for the MSD.exe program that you are executing.

 What is the hex address of the beginning of this program?

 Convert the hex address to a decimal address.

 What version of DOS are you running?

 What CPU are you using?

Sample Screen

When you are finished, exit the MSD utility and return to the C prompt.

Lab 1-9 Using DOS!

Now that you have DOS installed in your VM you’re going to practice with it! Click on your DOS machine and click start. Do the stuff below!

Why DOS? Because commands are used in a variety of applications in Windows, even though there is a fancy schmancy GUI. There is an entire server OS (ironically still called Windows) that runs via command line. The command console in Windows Server 2003 and Longhorn is all command line. So learning DOS commands will help you in a variety of applications.

Creating a Directory Tree

In Windows you create folders by selecting newàfolder. Pretty easy! In DOS we don’t call them folders, we call them directories. To create a directory you use the command: MKDIR (stands for Make Directory…pretty clever, huh?)

Just like in Windows, you can embed directories…that is create a directory within a directory. A directory can contain other directories and files. A directory that contains directories is called a directory tree.

You can organize directories according to function, chronology, or subject. We’re going to create directories according to subject.

Right now you have one directory on your computer. It is your root directory, C:\>. To see the contents of this directory type dir. What do you see in your directory?

Does your data scroll off the screen? In order to see the contents of your directory in a “wide” version, type DIR /W. Note that capital and small letters are interchangeable. What does this command do?

Let’s Create a directory tree:

Type mkdir Chicken. What happens?

Type DIR. What happens?

You want to go into that directory, so type cd chicken. CD stands for change directory. What do you see now?

How can you tell you’re in the chicken?

Create a directory named egg.

Go into the egg.

Create a directory named chick.

Go into chick.

To back out of a directory you type cd.. (cd period period). Type cd.. and where are you now?

Back out until you are at your root directory (c:\). Now type the command tree. What do you see? (Draw it)

Type the dir command. What is the difference between the tree command and the dir command?

Go back into egg (all the way in, but not all the way to chick) by using the cd command.

You’re going to create a text file using the edit command. Type edit scramble. A blue (probably) screen will show up that looks like this:

Type I love scrambled eggs.
Since you don’t have a mouse (yet) in DOS, you’re going to have to use your keyboard. The alt key allows you to select a menu by holding down alt-and typing the highlighted letter in the menu (example alt-f opens the file menu as shown below)

Type alt f x to exit. Say yes you want to save changes. This is one way to create a document. The edit command opens the text editor, by typing edit scrambled you either:

Open up a new document that has the name scrambled, or
Open up an existing document named scrambled.

Type edit and hit enter. You now have a blank document. Type I like poached eggs too. Hit alt f x and this time it will ask you if you want to save and ask you to give it a name. Name it poached.
Type dir and what do you see?

Go back to the root directory. Type tree. Do you see the files you created? Why or why not?

Renaming a file

To rename a file, type REN nameoffile newname.
Go into your root directory and create a directory named fun.
Go into fun and create a text file named games.
Within fun type ren games toys
What happens? Do a DIR.

Renaming (moving) a directory

Type CD \ and press Enter (“\” in DOS represents the root directory).
Create a directory named Student.
To rename the Student directory to Student2, type MOVE C:\STUDENT C:\STUDENT2 and press Enter.
To observe the results, type DIR and press Enter.

Moving files

Go to your root directory and create a file named test.txt by typing edit test.txt. Type something in, exit, save.
Back in C:\ type move c:\test.txt c:\student2\
To observe the results, type DIR and press Enter. What do you see?

Go back to your root. You can also move and rename a file at the same time! Create a new file named test2.txt in your root.
Type move c:\test2.txt c:\student2\test3.txt. Do a DIR. What do you see?

Okay, I know you’re asking yourself, why are we using DOS? Why? DOS is deader than dead! Well there are a few reasons:

You will be using a command driven interface when working with routers and switches in CISCO. Getting used to it by using DOS helps you to understand the importance of syntax, spelling, etc.
In Windows Servers if you’re server dies and you can’t afford to simply reformat it, you can use the command prompt and the CD to resurrect it. It uses a minimal set of DOS commands.
Many jobs you do within Windows 2003 server can be done from the command prompt or a wizard. Why use the command prompt when you have a wizard? It’s faster and you can’t create batch files that use a wizard. (Well, you can but not as easily.)
You can create DOS driven scripts (batch files) that can be replicated across your network for doing simple jobs on the network.

Now back to your regularly scheduled programming.

Viewing and changing file attributes

To change to the Student2 directory, type CD STUDENT2 and press Enter.
To view the attributes of the test2.txt, type ATTRIB C:\STUDENT2\TEST2.TXT and press Enter.
To make the file a hidden file, type ATTRIB +H C:\STUDENT2\TEST2.TXT and press Enter.
To observe the results, type DIR and press Enter.
To remove the hidden attribute from the file, type ATTRIB -H C:\STUDENT2\TEST2.TXT and press Enter.

Putting it all Together!

You are going to take all the stuff you learned above and create a directory, look at the tree, create files and directories, rename them and move them on the test so let’s practice!

Go to your root.
Create a folder named Herd
Go into Herd and create a subdirectory named cow.
Create another subdirectory (in herd) named bull.
Go into cow and create a text file named milk.
Back out to your root directory.
Do the tree command. Draw what you see.

NOW…you’re going to rename the bull directory to steer (poor bull, but he’s nicer now and much happier…trust me). Write the command you used to do this below:

NOW…you’re going to move the milk file from the cow into the steer and rename it cud all at the same time. Wipe your brow…take a deep breath…get ready…you can do it! You can do it! GO! Write the command you used to do this below:

Review Questions

Circle True or False.

The TREE command is not always available in recent versions of DOS. True /False
When you receive the error message “Bad or missing command.com,” it means that the entire operating system is corrupt and must be reinstalled. True / False

What does the CD command stand for?

What is the ATTRIB command used for?

Name one required DOS system file.

Patrick, one of your customers, is trying to find a file located in the MyData directory on his computer. What command would you suggest that Patrick use to view the contents of the MyData directory?

John has attempted to rename a directory using the following command: REN C:\MYDATA C:\MYSTUFF Explain why this command might not work, and recommend a different command for John to use.

Unit Project

Your company has been hired to build 30 computers for Public School Number Nine. Your job is to:

Determine the needs of your customer.

Current needs
Future needs

Design a student system that will fulfill the needs of students.
Design a teacher system that will meet the needs of the teachers.
Price out the components of each system.
Give a proposal bid for 28 student stations and 2 teacher stations as well as any additional components/peripherals needed. Be sure to include:

All components on each system

i. Case

ii. Motherboard

iii. Processor

iv. Fans

v. RAM

vi. Hard drive

vii. CD ROM drive

viii. Mouse

ix. Keyboard

x. CRT

Additional hardware needed
Software needed

i. Operating system

ii. Applications

Task One: Create a list of words that must be defined in order for the customer to understand the proposal (jargon)

Task Two: Develop a list of questions that must be answered before you can begin fulfilling the customer order. When you have developed this list, show it to me and in exchange I will give you the information from the customer.

Task Three: Develop a list of current customer needs.

Task Four: Develop a list of future customer needs.

Task Five: Research components and start “building” the system.

Task Six: Print or draw a picture of the systems you have created.

Student System

Device	Price	Company	Website
Case
Power Supply
CPU speed
Motherboard
Processor type
Installed RAM
RAM speed and type
Sound card
Video card
Hard Drive
CD ROM
DVD RW
Mouse
Keyboard
Modem or network card
Slots on motherboard
Power supply
Floppy drive
Operating system installed
Installed software packages



Other Hardware Needed

Teacher System

Device	Price	Company	Website
Case
Power Supply
CPU speed
Motherboard
Processor type
Installed RAM
RAM speed and type
Sound card
Video card
Hard Drive
CD ROM
DVD RW
Mouse
Keyboard
Modem or network card
Slots on motherboard
Power supply
Floppy drive
Operating system installed
Installed software packages



Other Hardware Needed

1. What is the price difference between the two machines?

2. Why is the one cheaper than the other?

3. How does the student station meet the needs of the students?

4. What are some benefits of buying a pre-assembled system?

5. What are some benefits of building a system yourself?

Task Six: Put together a proposal to the company (follow the cover sheet). You may use Word, PowerPoint, or Publisher. Your proposal should include:

 Customer Overview

 Identify Customer Needs

 Identify Possible Solutions

 Define terminology used (jargon, technical terms)

 Price Out Solutions

 Diagram of Solutions (what will the computers look like when they’re done)

Notes--How Computers Work

Post Installation Tasks and Virtual Machine Additions

Creating a Directory Tree

Renaming a file

Renaming (moving) a directory

Moving files

Viewing and changing file attributes

Putting it all Together!

Review Questions